Intellectual disability, exercise and aging: the IDEA study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have low levels of physical activity (PA) together with accelerated aging profiles. Adherence to PA interventions for persons with ID is low based on barriers such as motivation. The IDEA study aims to determine the effect of two types of exercise programs, continuous aerobic (CAEP) vs sprint interval training (SIT), designed for seniors with ID on health-related physical fitness, cardiovascular parameters, quality of life (QoL), and emotional and cognitive function. METHODS: In this trial, ninety seniors with ID between the ages of 40 and 75 yrs. from occupational health centers from the Autonomous Region of Catalonia (Spain) will be recruited. Participants will be randomly allocated to the CAEP, SIT, and control group. Both intervention groups will train 3 days/week, 1.5 h/day over 6 months. Outcome variables will be assessed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. The outcome variables include weight, height, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, balance, flexibility, cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure, pulse-wave velocity, pulse-wave analysis), QoL and cognitive function. The intervention effect will be determined with mixed models with repeated measures to assess changes in the outcome variables over time (baseline to month 12) and between study arms. Relationship between variables will be analyzed with appropriate regression analyses. DISCUSSION: Various studies reported on CAEP and SIT as exercise interventions for persons with ID with beneficial outcomes on body composition, fitness and blood pressure. To our knowledge, this is the first trial designed to analyse the positive changes on fitness, PA levels, cardiovascular, QoL and cognitive function promoted by CAEP training and SIT in seniors with ID. The findings of this study will assist in the development of more effective exercise interventions to ensure better compliance and adherence to exercise in seniors with ID. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial is registered at the ISRCTN registry. Registration number: ISRCTN43594228 . Registered 11 February 2019 - Retrospectively registered.

Observational study with the objective of determining possible correlations between GRF and muscle activation at reception after a jump in an ACL injury

INTRODUCTION: The ACL injury is considered one of the most serious injuries and usually occurs in actions that include movements with changes of direction, jump and landing. It is a common injury between the young active population and the risk in women of suffering from non-contact injury is superior to that of men. Athletes who suffer from non-contact injuries of the ACL usually have common biomechanical profiles, with landings with large values in ground reaction force (GRF) and therefore, low cushioning on landing. OBJECTIVE: To determine possible correlations between GRF and muscular activation at lading after a jump. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The type of study carried out is an observational study in which, using surface electromyography (EMG), a force platform and an electrogoniometer, the aim is to assess muscle activation and its relationship with GRF (specifically the vertical component Fz). RESULTS: Correlations have been observed between the reaction force of the soil (Fz) in the moments where the reaction force of the soil is greater and the instant where the knee reaches maximum flexion after landing, with the activation of certain muscle groups and differences depending on the gender of the subject. DISCUSSION: The neuromuscular recruitment strategies in the phases of maximum GRF load and knee flexion are different depending on the sex of the individual, so it should be considered when scheduling prevention and recovery work. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of GRF and muscle activation patterns, allows to assess the dynamics of landing after a jump and to be able to detect different patterns according to sex, with the consequent importance that it can have in the injury mechanism

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Health-related quality of life measures for physically active elderly in community exercise programs in catalonia: comparative analysis with sedentary people.

Objective. To evaluate Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), medication used, and Stock of Health Capital (SHC) in physically active elderly participants in Community Exercise Programs (CEPs) compared to a sedentary group. Methods. EuroQol standardized instrument was completed by physically active elderly (n = 2,185) who participated in CEPs. Common items were compared to HRQoL data of 1,874 sedentary elderly people, taken from the Catalan Health Survey 2006 (CHS'06). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) outcomes and medication used were assessed through parametric statistics. Dimensions of health conditions were compared, between sedentary people and physically active elderly participants in CEPs. SHC results were obtained combining the EuroQol scores and Life Expectancy (LE) values. An economic value of €34,858.70 was assigned to these years of LE. Results. Physically active subjects had better HRQoL values (75.36 in males and 70.71 in females) than CHS'06 sedentary subjects (58.35 in males and 50.59 in females). Medication used was different between physically active subjects (1.89 in males and 2.87 in females) and CHS'06 sedentary subjects (4.34 in males and 4.21 in females). SHC data for physically active elderly (€465,988.31/QALY in males and €522,550.31/QALY in females) were higher than for CHS'06 sedentary subjects (€363,689.33/QALY in males and €346,615.91/QALY in females).